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Interest in electric vehicles in Russia is showing positive dynamics. On the one hand, they are seen as modern devices on wheels with many unique functions that cannot be implemented using internal combustion engines. On the other hand, drivers are also concerned about environmental aspects.
Electric cars actually pollute the atmosphere less with their emissions, which has a positive effect on the environment. However, CAR4RU found out that it cannot be said that they are completely environmentally friendly compared to cars that use fossil fuels. Despite their advantages, it must be taken into account that electric transport also has its disadvantages and affects the environment, although to a lesser extent.
Thus, the development and diffusion of electric vehicles is expected to take into account both their innovative capabilities and environmental implications.
Electric motors provide fresh air
The key environmental benefit of electric vehicles is that they do not have an exhaust system, without which internal combustion engines cannot function. There is no noisy engine sounding from the muffler, nor the muffler itself installed in the rear of the car. As more electric cars replace traditional fossil fuel-based cars, the cleaner the air in cities becomes.
CO2 emissions reduction continues
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a dangerous chemical that has become too abundant in the Earth's atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial revolution. In the early eras of the planet’s existence, this gas formed a kind of shell around it. However, thanks to photosynthesis, its concentration has decreased from high values to the current 0.04%. However, global motorization and relentless deforestation have led to a reverse process that has worsened the situation for many years. Despite all the difficulties and negative consequences, CO₂ emissions from electric engines are still significantly lower. However, they do not reach the zero level, as will be discussed later in the text.
Ecological materials for cars
With a growing emphasis on environmental initiatives, electric vehicle manufacturers have begun to rethink the choice of materials for vehicle interiors. This includes items such as seats, door cards and dashboards — they strive to make them as eco-friendly as possible, using recycled materials or those that can be recycled in the future. For example, BMW notes that approximately 95% of the i3's parts will be reusable. The production process of this electric vehicle also minimizes the use of resources extracted from fossil sources in favor of renewable resources.
Battery production is harmful to the environment
On the one hand, emissions associated with the full cycle of use of an electric vehicle are generally lower than those of the average internal combustion engine vehicle, even taking into account electricity production and consumption. On the other hand, we must not forget about the publicly recognized opinion: the process of creating modern batteries poses a serious environmental threat. Research conducted by the Argentine National Laboratory shows that the environmental footprint of producing an electric vehicle is significantly larger than that of its gasoline counterpart. However, if we take into account the entire period of operation, as already mentioned, the situation changes dramatically.
Electrical energy is not always environmentally friendly
When talking about electric cars as transportation without fossil fuels, this statement is partially true. It is important to consider how exactly electricity is produced. On the one hand, there are wind and solar power plants that do not harm the environment and do not emit harmful emissions. On the other hand, such sources are not used everywhere; various types of fuel oil and nuclear reactors are often used as energy. It is difficult to assess these sources as environmentally friendly. Even taking these nuances into account, electric vehicles continue to be more environmentally friendly than gasoline or diesel vehicles.
Depletion of rare earth minerals
Ultimately, it should be noted that electric vehicles come with different types of powertrains. To create the most modern models, rare earth elements are used, the sources of which are extremely limited. In addition, their extraction has a significant impact on the environment, and responsibility for this environmental burden falls on the shoulders of electric vehicle manufacturers. However, not all companies strive to maximize the efficiency and reliability of their electric motors, so many believe that the problem is not serious enough. However, despite this, it exists, and this is a reality that must be reckoned with.
As we can see, there are both pros and cons of electric vehicles. In our world at the moment it is impossible to create something completely environmentally friendly. But all the innovations are yet to come!